Timing-Aware FPGA partitioning for real-Time applications under dynamic partial reconfiguration

Heterogeneous system-on-chips (SoC) that include both general-purpose processors and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAS) are emerging as very promising platforms to develop modern cyber-physical systems, combining the typical flexibility enabled by software with the speedup achievable by custom hardware accelerators. Furthermore, the dynamic partial reconfiguration (DPR) capabilities of modern FPGAS make such platforms even more attractive, offering the possibility of virtualizing the FPGA area to support several hardware accelerators in time sharing. However, heterogeneous platforms originate considerable challenges in the design and development process of applications, especially if timing and energy constraints are concerned. The FRED framework has been recently proposed to support the development of real-Time applications upon such platforms, using a static slotted-based partitioning of the FPGA area to ensure predictable delays when managing custom hardware accelerators by DPR. This paper addresses the problem of designing a suitable FPGA partitioning to support the execution of a real-Time application within the FRED framework. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear program that is in charge of (i) designing the size of the slots (in terms of FPGA resources), (ii) allocating hardware tasks to the slots, and (iii) selecting which hardware tasks must be statically allocated to the FPGA, while ensuring bounded worst-case response times on the tasks.