High-Speed FBG Interrogation with Electro-Optically Tunable Sagnac Loops

We report high-speed Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) interrogation based on fiber interferometry. An electro-optical modulator, used as a tunable retarder, is implemented in a fiber Sagnac loop, enabling fast tuning of the interference fringes. Applying an active modulation scheme, the wavelength of the FBG can be retrieved without any requirement of the spectral position of the FBG with respect to the fringes, with no need of tunable sources or spectral analysis. We report experimental results of wavelength measurements with a bandwidth of 100 kHz (only limited by our data acquisition rate) and a dynamic wavelength resolution of σ = 3.7 fm/√Hz (corresponding to a strain resolution of 3.1 nϵ/√Hz). We also show that the system can track a continuous tunable laser sweep of 40 nm along the C-band. The technique is polarization-independent and allows wavelength division multiplexing schemes using only one interferometer for all the sensing points. The system is fully based on low-cost off-the-shelf fiber-optical components, and the free-spectral-range of the interferometer can be easily modified by just changing the length of the polarization-maintaining fiber segment.