Hybrid Imaging and Healthcare Economics

Owing to the rapid technological advancement in cardiovascular diagnostic imaging, many non-invasive diagnostic tests are currently available which either evaluate cardiac anatomy or function or both. In order to minimize risks and burden to patients, radiation exposure, and healthcare costs, diagnostic algorithms have been developed which define the most appropriate sequence of tests for each patient. In many clinical scenarios, the introduction of “hybrid” imaging, i.e. the combination and/or fusion of anatomical and functional imaging, performed in a single session by a “hybrid” scanner or in sequential sessions by stand-alone devices, has been considered a relevant advancement. Even if no full health-economic comparison of cardiac “hybrid” imaging with single modalities is available, there is increasing evidence that the appropriate use of a “hybrid” approach may be effective in terms of costs and outcomes.