Biodegradable Piezoelectric Micro‐ and Nanomaterials for Regenerative Medicine, Targeted Therapy, and Microrobotics

Piezoelectric micro- and nanomaterials can generate local electrical signals whensubjected to mechanical stress, a phenomenon that can be exploited to triggerbeneficial effects at the cell and tissue level. In recent years, research on bio-degradable piezoelectric material has gained momentum, as these materials candegrade after fulfilling their function. Thus, they promise to considerably impactregenerative medicine, targeted therapy, and microrobotics, with better chancesto match regulatory requirements with respect to their nondegradable coun-terparts. This review offers a comprehensive overview of recent advancements inbiodegradable piezoelectric micro- and nanomaterials, focusing on their piezo-electric mechanisms, material types, and methods to enhance their properties.Current characterization techniques, emphasizing both piezoelectricity andbiodegradability at the micro/nano scale, are also discussed. Furthermore, it isdiscussed how to use these materials in intelligent platforms for regenerativemedicine and responsive drug delivery systems. The application of piezoelectricmicro- and nanomaterials in microrobotics is also examined, particularly theirpotential for minimally invasive procedures. Finally, challenges and futuredirections are highlighted, underscoring the importance of biodegradable pie-zoelectric materials as versatile platforms for advancing biomedical technologies.REVIEWwww.small-science-journal.comSmall Sci. 2025, 5, 2400439 2400439 (1 of 35) © 2024 The Author(s). Small Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH